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"In Standard Breton and in L, the infinitive is ''dleoud'', stem ''dle''-, derived from ''dle'' ' | "In Standard Breton and in L, the infinitive is ''dleoud'', stem ''dle''-, derived from ''dle'' 'debt', | ||
cf. Welsh ''dyled'' ' | cf. Welsh ''dyled'' 'debt' and modal auxiliary ''dylai'' 'should, ought', and Irish ''dlí'' 'law'. | ||
The initial consonant cluster <font color=green>dl-</font color=green> is unstable in Breton; three resolutions are possible: | The initial consonant cluster <font color=green>dl-</font color=green> is unstable in Breton; three resolutions are possible: | ||
(1) insertion of an epenthetic vowel, as in G: ''dële'' ' | (1) insertion of an epenthetic vowel, as in G: ''dële'' 'debt', ''dëleein'' 'owe; must, ought to'; | ||
(2) loss of <font color=green>d-</font color=green>, as in ''dluzh'' ' | (2) loss of <font color=green>d-</font color=green>, as in ''dluzh'' 'trout' > T ''luzh''; and | ||
(3) <font color=green>dl > gl</font color=green>, as in widely in T and K: ''gle'' ' | (3) <font color=green>dl > gl</font color=green>, as in widely in T and K: ''gle'' 'debt', ''gleoud'' 'owe'. | ||
On the analogy of ''dle > gle'', the 'mixed' (lenition/provection) mutation applied to the stem ''dle-'': | On the analogy of ''dle > gle'', the 'mixed' (lenition/provection) mutation applied to the stem ''dle-'': | ||
…e≠tlean [AFF I.must/ought], the <font color=green>tl-</font color=green> cluster became <font color=green>kl-</font color=green>, and then this was interpreted as being | …e≠tlean [AFF I.must/ought], the <font color=green>tl-</font color=green> cluster became <font color=green>kl-</font color=green>, and then this was interpreted as being | ||
the basic, unmutated form for the modal auxiliary but not for the lexical verb, so in T there is | the basic, unmutated form for the modal auxiliary but not for the lexical verb, so in T there is | ||
now ''gleoud'', ''gle-'', ' | now ''gleoud'', ''gle-'', 'owe' | ||
(43a) gleoud a ran | (43a) gleoud a ran arc'hant dit | ||
owe.INF AFF I.do money to.you | owe.INF AFF I.do money to.you | ||
'I owe you | 'I owe you money' | ||
(43b) me a = | (43b) me a =c'hle arc'hant dit | ||
I AFF oweº money to.you | I AFF oweº money to.you | ||
'I owe you | 'I owe you money' | ||
but '' | but ''klea' '', ''kle-'' 'must, ought' | ||
(44a) | (44a) klea' a ran mond | ||
must.INF AFF I.do go.INF | must.INF AFF I.do go.INF | ||
'I must | 'I must go' | ||
(44b) me a =gle mond | (44b) me a =gle mond | ||
I AFF must go.INF | I AFF must go.INF | ||
'I must | 'I must go' | ||
Guillaume | Guillaume Floc'h informs me that in Plouhineg, south of Gẘaien (Audierne), the lexical verb is | ||
''lea'', ''le-'' < ''dleoud'', ''dle-'', but the stem for 'must, | ''lea'', ''le-'' < ''dleoud'', ''dle-'', but the stem for 'must, ought' is ''tre-'' < ''tle-''. | ||
So in many areas of Brittany, a morphological distinction is made between the stem for the lexical | So in many areas of Brittany, a morphological distinction is made between the stem for the lexical | ||
verb ' | verb 'owe' and that for the modal auxiliary 'must, ought'." | ||
[[Category:extraits d'ouvrages|Categories]] | [[Category:extraits d'ouvrages|Categories]] |
Version actuelle datée du 2 juillet 2022 à 15:17
"In Standard Breton and in L, the infinitive is dleoud, stem dle-, derived from dle 'debt', cf. Welsh dyled 'debt' and modal auxiliary dylai 'should, ought', and Irish dlí 'law'. The initial consonant cluster dl- is unstable in Breton; three resolutions are possible: (1) insertion of an epenthetic vowel, as in G: dële 'debt', dëleein 'owe; must, ought to'; (2) loss of d-, as in dluzh 'trout' > T luzh; and (3) dl > gl, as in widely in T and K: gle 'debt', gleoud 'owe'. On the analogy of dle > gle, the 'mixed' (lenition/provection) mutation applied to the stem dle-: …e≠tlean [AFF I.must/ought], the tl- cluster became kl-, and then this was interpreted as being the basic, unmutated form for the modal auxiliary but not for the lexical verb, so in T there is now gleoud, gle-, 'owe' (43a) gleoud a ran arc'hant dit owe.INF AFF I.do money to.you 'I owe you money' (43b) me a =c'hle arc'hant dit I AFF oweº money to.you 'I owe you money' but klea' , kle- 'must, ought' (44a) klea' a ran mond must.INF AFF I.do go.INF 'I must go' (44b) me a =gle mond I AFF must go.INF 'I must go' Guillaume Floc'h informs me that in Plouhineg, south of Gẘaien (Audierne), the lexical verb is lea, le- < dleoud, dle-, but the stem for 'must, ought' is tre- < tle-. So in many areas of Brittany, a morphological distinction is made between the stem for the lexical verb 'owe' and that for the modal auxiliary 'must, ought'."