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Trépos (1956) claims that in order to derive an individual reading from a collective noun, one needs to use the individuating suffix ''-enn''. This claim, however, does not seem to hold for contemporary standard Breton ('le Breton unifié'). The suffix ''-enn'' can be added to any collective noun and its presence or absence does not seem to have any semantic effect:


(1) gwenan
      bee
      'bees'
(2) gwenan-enn
      bee-enn
      'bees'
(3) ur wenan
      a  bee
      'a bee, i.e. an individual bee'
(4) ur wenan-enn
      a  bee-enn
      'a bee, i.e. an individual bee'
(1) is an example of a collective noun without the suffix ''-enn'', (2) is a collective noun with ''-enn''. Both have the same collective reading. This shows that the suffix ''-enn'' is optional. (3) does not have the suffix ''-enn'' and refers to an idividual bee, (4) has the suffix ''-enn'' and gets the same interpretation as (3). Again, the suffix ''-enn'' appears to be optional. It is thus optional both for the collective and the individual reading. Note that a collective noun which has the suffix ''-enn'' does not exclude a mass reading (5-6). This mass reading  would be unexpected if ''-enn'' forced an individual reading, as Trépos (1956) proposed.
(5)  saladenn
      salad-enn
      'salad'
(6)  geotenn
      grass-enn
      'grass'
The suffix ''-enn'' can further be used to derive nouns from other nouns. The meaning of such derivations is non-compositional.
(7)  sukr
      sugar
      'sugar'
(8)  sukr-enn
      sugar-enn
      'sugar factory'
(9)  taol
      table
      'table'
(10)  taol-enn
        table-enn
        'painting'
Also, some nouns are illicit without the suffix ''-enn'':
(11) * kroc'h
(12)  kroc'h-enn
        skin-enn
        'skin'
The suffix ''-enn'' often occurs in deverbal nominalizations, where it follows the suffix ''-ad'':
(13)  komz
        talk
        'to talk'
(14)  komz-ad-enn
        talk-ad-enn
        'conversation'
 
Summing up, the suffix ''-enn' seems to be optional for collective nouns, both in the collective and individual reading. It is further used in nominal derivations.

Version du 7 octobre 2009 à 16:47